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  • Twelfth century (The) — The twelfth century John Marenbon INTRODUCTION The twelfth century began and ended with events which mark it off, at least symbolically, as a discrete period in the history of Western philosophy. It was in about 1100 that Abelard the most wide… …   History of philosophy

  • Psychology (The separation of) from philosophy — The separation of psychology from philosophy Studies in the sciences of mind 1815–1879 Edward S.Reed THE IMPOSSIBLE SCIENCE Traditional metaphysics The consensus of European opinion during and immediately after the Napoleonic era was that… …   History of philosophy

  • Polis and its culture (The) — The polis and its culture Robin Osborne INTRODUCTION ‘We love wisdom without becoming soft’, Thucydides has the Athenian politician Pericles claim, using the verb philosophein.1 Claims to, and respect for, wisdom in archaic Greece were by no… …   History of philosophy

  • Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot — The Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot ( Discours Préliminaire des Éditeurs ) is the primer to Denis Diderot s Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, par une Société de Gens de lettres , a… …   Wikipedia

  • From the beginnings to Avicenna — Jean Jolivet INTRODUCTION Arabic philosophy began at the turn of the second and third centuries of the Hegira, roughly the ninth and tenth centuries AD. The place and the time are important. It was in 133/750 that the ‘Abbāssid dynasty came to… …   History of philosophy

  • Colonial history of the United States — Colonial America redirects here. For other uses, see Colonial America (disambiguation). History of the United States This article is part of a series …   Wikipedia

  • NETHERLANDS, THE (Holland) — NETHERLANDS, THE (Holland), kingdom in N.W. Europe. The Middle Ages It is not known when exactly the Jews settled in the area which is now called The Netherlands. As early as the 11th century one can find some indications of Jewish settlers in… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races — (1853 ndash;1855) by Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau is a voluminous work; while originally intended as a work of philosophical enquiry, it is today considered as one of the earliest examples of scientific racism. Expanding upon Boulainvilliers… …   Wikipedia

  • Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China — The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (PSC; zh stp|s=中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会|t=中國共產黨中央政治局常務委員會|p=Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì, abbreviated zh sp|s=政治局常委|p=Zhèngzhìjú Chángwěi) is a committee… …   Wikipedia

  • Europe, history of — Introduction       history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …   Universalium

  • Teaching of St. Augustine of Hippo —     Teaching of St. Augustine of Hippo     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Teaching of St. Augustine of Hippo     St. Augustine of Hippo (354 430) is a philosophical and theological genius of the first order, dominating, like a pyramid, antiquity and… …   Catholic encyclopedia

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